Pottery



3 SheetsJ-Sheetl 1L R. HEILMANN. vKILN PoR BURNING POTTERY, CLAY, sw,

Patented July 24., 1894.

(NofModel.)

, Wr rA/ESS (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

R. HEILMANN. KILN PoR BURNING PUTTBRY, GLAY, sw.

No. 523,469. PatentedJuly 24,'1'894.

Figli'. Fis.

y y -[N1/,5N To/f'..

WIT/VES E5 l //7 foffA/Eyy 1u: mums PETERS co, Puma-Limo.. wnsnmaron. D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD HEILMANN, OF STUTTGART, GERMANY.

KlLN FoR BURNING POTTERY, CLAY, soc.

SPECIFICATION forming part f Letters Patent N0. 523,469, dated July 24, 1894.

Application filedDeeemher 15, 1891. Serial No. 415,115. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, RICHARD HEILMANN, of Stuttgart, Wrtemberg, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns for Burning Pottery, Clay, dac., of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved kiln for burning bricks, pottery and other articles, in which the combustion-chambers and drying-chambers are arranged relatively to each other in such a manner that the soft and wet goods can be placed at the point of forming the same into movable trucks, conducted into the dryingcha1nber located above the corresponding combustion-chamber of the kiln, then dried in said drying-chamber and then lowered directly into the combustion-chamber below the drying-chamber. The drying of t-he formed and pressed goods is thereby made entirely independent of the change of the weather, or of special drying arrangements, as the drying is accomplished by the surplus-heat of the kiln, which would otherwise escape without being utilized.

The operation of the kiln is a continuous one, as the goods to be burned are in the different compartments o'f the kiln,'and, bya corresponding control of the fires, subjected to preliminary heating, drying and final burning, so that the continuous charging and dis-y charging ofthe different compartments of the kiln can take place.

My improved kiln is adapted for direct as well as for indirect or generative firing and furnishing, owing to the novel construction of the fire-places and fines and of the heating conduits a uniform, clear and perfect burning, even of the iinest wear, without inclosing the same; while by the application of a new folding partition between the combustionchambers, the quick and easy removal of the same is obtained,so as to connect or separate the different combustion-,chambers with or from each other as required.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of my improved kiln. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view on theline 2-2, of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 3--3, offFig. 1. Figs. 4 and 5 are vertical transverse sectional views ofthe kiln showing different constructions.

Fig. 6 is a verticaltransversesectional View on an enlarged scale, showing two different constructions and arrangements ofthe nre-places for heating the combustion-chambers. Fig.' 7 is a verticaltransverse-sectional View through one of the combustion-chambers of the kiln on a still larger scale. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal transverse-sectional view on the line b a of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a horizontal-sectional view on an enlarged scale on the line c dof Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is an enlarged horizontal-sectional view on the line ef of Fig. 7.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

In the lower part of the kiln two parallel burning chambers A are formed, which are connected at the ends by the transverse chambers B, which are slightly narrower than the chambers A.

At one end of the kiln the smoke-stack Z is provided.

The chambers A and B are divided by arches into a series of separate compartments A', A2, A3, dac., to A16, which can be separated from each other by iron sliding-gates or partitions S, each chamber being provided with an openiugT in the outer wall of said chamber. Each iron-gate or partition S Fig. 7, consists of two sections S', S2 having the guides S3, by which the upper section S' is adapted to slide on the lower section S2. When the upper section is raised as high as possible, the downwardlybentupper edge of the lower section'S2 enters into a trough formed by the upwardlybent lower edge of the upper section S', which trough is iilled with nesand, so as to form an air-tight joint, as shown in Fig. 8'. Two keepers V andi72 are securedto the upper section S', and through the same a rod V passes, which is provided with a laterally projecting pin V3. When said pin projects from dotted lines in Fig. l0, the upper section can be raised and lowered by means of the rod V, and when the rod K is so turned that the pin Va is parallel with the face of the upper section S', said rod can be withdrawn from the keepers, and removed. Wheny the sliding partition or gate is to be removed, the upper section'is moved downward by means of the .the face of the upper section S', as shown in rod V; the rod V is removed, and by means of the handle S4, on the lower section S', both sections can easily be pulled laterally out of the chambers through the opening T. As the partition can easily be handled, very little time is required to remove the same, so that the chamber is not exposed to the cold air for any length of time, and does not cool ott to any great extent.

Below the lioor of the combustion-chambers A B, fire-places C with grates are built in the outer walls, two for each chamber, whichare alternately connected by openings D in the floor of the chamber, or by supply-channels E and heat-holes G in the arches ot' said chambers, as shown respectively on the right and left hand sides of Fig. 6.

`Below the floors of the chambers A B tlues `H are formed, which are connected with said `longitudinal smoke-conduit J of the kiln, by

`lateral channels I-I terminating in the base of said conduit, where they can be closed by conical valves z'.

Above the combustion-chambers the heattlues K are arranged, which are connected by the heat-holes G with the arched tops of the combustion-chambers. The tlues K lead to the heat-conduits L, above the smoke-conduit J, the flat valve Z serving to close the openings between the connecting iiues K and the conduits L.

The smoke-fines H andthe heat-lines K are arranged in the longitudinal axes of the combustion-chambers, so as to bring the heatholes G and openings D2 as closely together as possible and at a uniform distance from each other, as thereby the draft-action of the smoke-stack is the same for each opening, and the connecting channels which produce `much friction and resistance are reduced in other fire-proof material.

length. For the same purpose and also for the purpose of preventing the hot air from being cooled ott, the heat-conduits L are arranged as double tlues in the center of the kiln, as shown in Fig. 6, or as a triple fine as shown in Fig. 5. The heat-conduits L are` connected by lateral Ilues having iiat valves Z with the ilues K, and then again with the gas-channels E and F.

For the purpose of controlling the passage of gases or hot air through the heat-holes G, each is provided with a cone-valve u', Fig. 7, by means of which it canbe opened or closed.

By means of the above-described combination of channels and valves, warm air, hot air or gases can be conducted from the top, side or bottom into the combustion-chambers.

Over the combustion-chambers A B and forming the top of the kiln, are arranged the drying-chambers M, Figs. l and 2. The sidewalls of th'e same are constructed of brick or The root .is formed of arches or in any other tire-proof manner.

Corresponding to the combustion-chambers A B the drying-chambers M are likewise divided into sections M to M16, each of which has a door m in the outer wall and also four openings m', Fig. 6, through which air can enter, and which also serve for making observations, and can be closed by suitable gates. Between the two parallel drying-chambers M a space R, Figs. 2 and 6, is formed to permit of manipulating the cone-valves z', and the flat valves or gates Z, which space R can be entered at that end opposite the smokestack through the door W, Fig. 2.

In each drying-chamber two tlues p, Figs. 2 and 6, are provided, which each have an opening o near the floor fn, of the dryingchamber and which are connected at o2 with a collecting-channel O, at which point they can be closed by valves P', Fig. 6.

Each drying-chamber is provided in the roof with draft-openin gs q, of which there are as many as there are smoke-openings D,and which end in the transverse-channels Q, which latter before entering the collecting-channels O can also be closed by suitable gates or valves P. The collecting-channels O are connected with the smoke-collecting conduit J, Fig. l, and by the same with the smokestack Z.

In the floor of each drying-chamber a tilling-opening S S8, Figs. l and 2, is provided, which passes through the heat-lines K and the arched top of the combustion-chamber, said openings serving to form a communication between the drying-chambers and the combustion-chambers below the same.

In each drying-chamber M tracks I'I are arranged, which are connected by transverse tracks h with tracks H located outside of the drying-chambers M.

At one end of the drying-chambers M the tracks IfI at opposite sides are connected by transverse tracks I'Il and at the other end with elevators T2 which are arranged alongside ot the smoke-stack Z, from which elevators tracks lead to places where the articles to be burned, such as bricks, pottery, che., are formed. At the said places where the articles are made they are placed in the carriages or drying-frames X, Fig. 6, which trames are raised by means ofthe elevators, and then conducted onthe tracks 1-l to the transverse tracks h, and over the latter into the drying-chambers.

In case it is necessary to build the dryingchamber on the top of an old kiln, the arches and walls of which have not sufficient strength to support the frames X on the tracks II', the said frames can be suspended from tracks X fastened to the ceiling of the drying-chambers, as shown at the right-hand side of Fig. 6, but in this construction the frames must be filled in the drying-chamber, and separate vehicles are required to convey vthe articles from the place of manufacture to the kiln.

In case the plant is already provided with a drying-chamber, then the kiln can'be built IOO IIO

without marrying-Chambers M, and in this case the kiln has to be built with three conduits L, as shown in Fig. 5.

When on account of ground-water or for other reasons, the re-places cannot be arranged below the combustion-chambers A, then they are heated by gas, generated in the fire-places as shown at the right-hand side of Fig. 6. The fire-places are then supplied with fuel through the chutes F from the floor n of the drying-chambers M. The fire-gases are then drawn for Aside-firing through the openings s s, in the Vwalls of the combustion- .chambers, as shown at the right-hand side of Fig. 6, or the heated gases are drawn for toptiring through the openings G into the oo mbustion-chambers. The fuel is ignited on the grates C', some fuel being first introduced through the fire-doors C2, and later on, when the walls of the lire-places are heated, fed through the chutes F. The gas produced is ignited in the combustion-chamber A, as soon as it comes in contact with the heated atmosphere in the same. The ingress of the gases can be controlled by the valves u or out off entirely, as shown atthe right-hand side of Fig. 7.

y in the following Inannerz-After the fires have been burning for a sufficient time and the chambers A and A2 are heated to the desired degree, the chambers A3, A4, A5, A6 and A7 to the preliminary heating temperature and the chambers A8 and A9 in condition lfor the preliminaryheating and drying, then the partitions S are placed in position in the chambers A7, As and A9, the chamber A10 is filled with fresh articles and the chamber A11 is discharged, whereas the chambers A12 to A16 are left to cool oi. The cone-valves t' of the chambers A8 and A1 are likewise raised and also the fiat valves Z of the chambers A8, A1? and A13. The air which is heated by the cooling of the contents of the chambers A12 and A13, which has a considerable upward pressure is conducted through the heat-conduit L to the chambers AS and A, where it 'heats up the articles in the same before it passes into the smoke-stack. ln this manner the articles are subjected to the same or even a higher temperature than that of the tiregases that are drawn off, whereby the condensation of steam or other gases that might discolor the goods is prevented. If for some reason or other the drying-chambers are not provided, then as stated above, the three-con- Iduit system, as shown in Fig. 5 is used, so that at all times three to four chambers will bein a state of drying and preliminary heating. In this case the hot air is taken fromthe chambers A11 and A12 into the chambers A' and A7 by means of the heat-fines K and the the chambers A8 and A9 either from the top or side, or drawn off either at the bottom or top, saturated with steam vapors, to the smoke-stack. Y

The drying-chambers M3 toM8 and M10 to M16 are filled with fresh material to be dried, whereas the chambers M and M2 are emptied, so as to permit the mento regulate the valves and regulate the fire when feeding from' above. The chamber M9 is filled with fresh goods and from the chamber M10 the goods are passed through the openings S S8 into the corresponding combustion-chamber A below. To accomplish this, two men are sufficient, even for the largest kilns, there being the ad ditional advantage that the goods are dried uniformly and needl not be selected, and that this manipulation of the goods is not interfered with by the emptying ofthe next adjacent chamber, which takes place sidewise on a level with the floor of the chamber. The fresh goods in the section M9are subjected to the action of a slightlywarmed current of air as the freshly lilled sectionof the combustion-chamber has cooled oi to a considerable extent and does not give much heat.

In the direction toward the chambers receiving the full heat, that is in the dryingchambers MS, M7, M6, dac., which contain IOO goods that have been subjected to heat for a` greater or less time and have greater resisting powers, the .temperature is greater and the radiated heat increases. When the tire for the chamber A has burnedout and chamber A3 is receiving the full heat, the articles in the chambers M3 are conducted back to the chamber M by means of the carriages., The heat in the drying-chamber always increases, and is considerably increased in the chambers M12 and M11, as the air is permitted to pass directly from the combustionchambers containing the goods that are cooling into the drying-chambers. The moisture from the fresh goods is drawn 0E through the smoke-stack Z in connection with the collecting-channels O and the draft-openings q,

but as the lowest layers of the goods that are nearest to the fioor of the drying-chambers, would dry too rapidly and might thus be inj ured, the moisture is drawn off through the openings O', O2 to the smoke-stack Z by open- The goods When ordinary bricks or lime is to be burned in the same kiln, this can be done by means of direct lire from above. In this case the iron heat funnels u and the `valves u shown in Fig. 7 are used. rlhe former are used for conducting the coal to the heat-holes G and to prevent the coal from dropping into the heat-lines K, as otherwise the coal would burn in said channels and would also heat the coal stored on the floors of the drying-chamber, and would extract the gases from the same. Furthermore the ashes from the combustion-chamber would be drawn into the heat-dues K and would reduce the cross-section of the same. For the same reason the heat-holes of the combustion-chambers in which there is no fire, are covered by means of the valves u', the hot airis then compelled to remain in the combustion-chambers. The goods do not cool off so rapidly, and there is no necessity of adding more coal for the purpose of keeping up the proper-temperature while the atmospheric air is supplied in heated state for combustion. By closing the openings G of those chambers that are in the first stage of heating, the escaping smoke and gases that have a natural tendency to move upward, cannot pass into the heat-channelsK so as to uselessly heat the same, nor can they condense on the articles while they are burned, but they pass off quickly and evenly through the smoke-dues to the chimney.

-Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The combination, of aseries of combustion-chambers, transverse movable partitions between said chambers, openings in the outer walls of said combustion-chambers, for said partitions, aseries of drying-chambers superposed above the combustion-chambers, openings in the floors of the drying-chambers connecting with openings in the tops of the com bustion-chambers, so as to permit a direct charging of the dried articles from the drying-chambers into the combustion-chambers, Substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, of aseries of combustion-chambers, transverse movable partitions in said chambers, a corresponding series of drying-chambers superposed above the combustion-chambers, iiues connecting the tops of the combustion-chambers with said dryingchambers, vertical tlues along the inner sidewalls of the drying-chambers, transverse topfiues on said drying-chambers, draft-openings connecting the bottoms and tops of the drying-chambers with the transverse toptlues, and longitudinal collecting-lines, connected with the chimney, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, of a series of combustion-chambers, having movable partitions,

fire places for each combustion chamber, openings in the floors of the combustionchambers, smoke-dues below the iioors ofthe combustion-chambers, a central main smoke- Hue leading to the chimney, valved transverse fines between the smoke-fines and the main smoke-flue, heat-openings in the top of the combustion-chambers, longitudinal heatflues above the same, a heat-conduit or conduits above the main smoke-flue, and valved lateral connecting fines between the longitudinal heat-fines and the heat-conduits, the latter also leading to the chimney, substantially asset forth.

4t. A brick-kiln, consisting of a series of combustion-chambers, divided by transverse arches and having openings in their outer side-walls and sectional partitions separating said combustion-chambers, said partitions being adapted to be removed through the sideopenings of the combustion-chambers, substantially as set forth.

5. A brick-kiln composed of a series of com-- bustion-chambers, having lateral side-openings, transverse partitions separating said combustion-chambers, each partition being composedof two vertically-guided and sliding sections, adapted to be reducedin height and removed through the side-openings of the combustion f chambers, substantially as set forth.

6. In a kiln, the combination of a combustion-chamber, with a transverse partition composed of two sections, the upper section having its lower edge bent upward to form a trough, and the lower section having its upper edge bent downward to iit in the said trough, substantially as set forth.

7. In a kiln, the combination with a combustionchamber, of a transverse partition composed ot' two sections guided to slide one on the other, the upper section being provided with keepers, a rod inserted into said keepers and provided with a lug for engaging the upper or lower keeper and raising or lowering the upper section, substantially as set forth.

8. In a kiln, the combination, with a combustion-chamber, of a transverse partition formed of two sections guided to slide on each other, a detachable rod attached to the keepers of theupper section, and adapted to raise or lower the same, and a stationary handle attached to the lower section for moving the partition in or out of the combustion chamber, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my namein pres' ence of two subscribing witnesses.

' RICHARD I'IEILMANN.

l/Vitnesses:

CARL FISCHER,

W. BLOPFEROR.

IOO

IIC

IZO 

